中华龙舟文化演变的生态适应论绎     

王洪珅 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(6):134-139

摘要：主要采用文献资料法和历史研究法，以跨学科的视野阐释和分析中华龙舟文化在不同历史时期的变化，从生态适应的角度，纵向梳理了中华龙舟文化的发展历程，认为中华龙舟文化的起源、演变及传承等整个发展过程均是生态适应的结果。主要从自然生态、社会生态和文化生态3个维度，分析讨论了中华龙舟文化演变过程中的生态适应问题。研究认为：自然生态促进了中华龙舟文化区域性的演成，并赋予其地域性特征；社会生态促使中华龙舟文化服务于政治需要、社会教化和社会整合；而文化生态促进了中华龙舟文化与他文化的横向交流和融合。同时还认为，面对自然生态、社会生态和文化生态的不断变化，当前及今后的中华龙舟文化都会通过不断的自我调适来适应所处生态的变化。一定程度上有助于加深对中华龙舟文化发展问题的理解和认识，进一步拓展民族传统体育文化研究的视野。  相似文献   

Evidence for data missing at random in youth physical activity monitoring research     

P. F. Saint-Maurice  Y. Kim  G. J. Welk 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(5):484-490

This study examined whether or not activity monitor data collected as part of a typical 7-day physical activity (PA) measurement protocol can be expected to be missing at random. A total of 315 participants (9–18 years) each wore a SenseWear Armband monitor for 7 consecutive days. Participants were classified as “compliant” (86 boys and 124 girls) if they had recorded accelerometer data during 70% or more of the predefined awake time (7 AM–10 PM) on four different days; and “non-compliant” (44 boys and 51 girls) when not meeting these criteria. Linear mixed models were used to examine differences in energy expenditure (EE) levels by compliance across 10 different time periods. The results indicated that non-compliant girls were older (13.4 ± 2.9 vs. 12.2 ± 2.5) and taller (156.8 ± 10.3 vs. 152.8 ± 11.3) than their same gender compliant peers (P < .05). Comparisons of EE rates at segmented portions of the day revealed no differences between compliant and non-compliant groups (P ≥ .05). Differences in EE ranged from ?0.32 kcal · kg^?1 · h^?1 (before school time) to 0.62 kcal · kg^?1 · h^?1 (physical education class) in boys and ?0.39 kcal · kg^?1 · h^?1 (transportation from school) to 0.37 kcal · kg^?1 · hour^?1 (recess) in girls. The results showed that compliant and non-compliant individuals differed in a few demographic characteristics but exhibited similar activity patterns. This suggests that data were considered to be missing at random, but additional work is needed to confirm this observation in a representative sample of children using other types of activity monitors and protocols.  相似文献   

运动康复产业供给侧结构性改革研究     

蔡旭东  刘亚娜  赵焕刚 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(6):27-32+40

摘要：为推动体育产业和运动康复产业发展，采用文献资料法、访谈法等研究方法，从健康中国战略和共享发展成果改善民生的角度出发，阐述运动康复产业对推动体育产业发展、促进国民健康、提高人民生活质量的重要性和必要性；从供给侧结构性改革视角，基于运动康复产业现状，对运动康复产业供给侧生产结构要素进行分析；对德国等国外运动康复产业发达国家进行案例分析，归纳总结出其值得我国运动康复产业借鉴和学习的实践经验，结合我国运动康复产业的实际情况，提出我国运动康复产业供给侧结构性改革的实施对策和路径：进一步扩大学历教育和继续教育培养规模，建立和完善运动康复产业专业技术人才培养体系；进一步拓宽健康服务业优惠政策的惠及面，降低税费，建立运动康复产业行业协会和职业认定体系；发挥市场和政府的资源配置作用，完善和创新融资机制；实现祖国传统运动康复技术与现代运动康复技术相融合，建立中国特色运动康复技术体系。  相似文献   

The effects of attentional focus instructions on punching velocity and impact forces among trained combat athletes     

Israel Halperin  Dale W. Chapman  David T. Martin  Chris Abbiss 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(5):500-507

Research indicates that instructing athlete’s to focus on bodily movements (internal focus of attention [IFA]) may hinder performance, whereas instructing them to focus on the movement outcome (external focus of attention [EFA]) often enhances performance. Despite the importance of instructions in striking combat sports, limited research has examined the influence of IFA and EFA on performance in well-trained combat athletes. This study investigated the effects of different instructional cues on punching velocity (m · s^?1) and normalised impact forces (N · kg^?1) among intermediate (n = 8) and expert (n = 7) competitive boxers and kickboxers. Athletes completed three rounds of 12 maximal effort punches delivered to a punching integrator on three separate days. Day one was a familiarisation session with only control instructions provided. In the following two days athletes randomly received IFA, EFA or control instructions prior to each of the three rounds. Athletes punching with EFA were 4% faster and 5% more forceful than IFA (P < 0.05), and 2% faster and 3% more forceful than control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, experts punched 11% faster and with 13% greater force compared with intermediate athletes (P < 0.05). EFA led to a positive effect on punching performance and should be favoured over IFA and control instructions.  相似文献   

我国冰雪体育产业非均衡协调发展研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张高华 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(12):101-106

摘要：当前我国冰雪体育产业发展势头强劲背后依旧存在很多突出问题，冰雪体育热点区域极化与产业链结构非均衡发展并存是当下存在的主要结构性问题。以我国冰雪体育产业为研究对象，从协调发展的视角出发，运用文献资料法、数据分析法和专家访谈法，结合非均衡发展的实际情况，考察其现状和问题，发现：我国冰雪体育产业规模和产值均处于上升期，市场空间大；自然禀赋差异悬殊导致区域发展不均衡。对此，提出非均衡发展区域战略、非均衡发展产业链战略以及协同创新、平衡渐进的协调发展战略，并进一步提出对策与建议，为我国冰雪体育产业健康可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

武化教育的实质及其当代价值     

陈国荣  吕韶钧 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(4):120-126

摘要：武术是中华民族优秀的文化遗产，有其特殊的文化内涵和价值功能，它不仅传达着一种文化，更传递着一种精神,而武化教育的实质就是倡导武术精神。主要采用文献资料等科研方法,围绕着武化教育的实质，以及武术精神的当代价值等方面展开论述，其目的是更加全面地了解武术所蕴含的精神价值，探讨其在时代背景下如何发挥其自身优势更好地服务当今社会。研究认为：武术精神与中国传统文化有着千丝万缕的联系，它不仅成为凝聚民族力量、彰显国家意志的利器，而且对于培养国民的尚武精神，唤醒民众对传统文化的自觉发挥了重要作用。当前应该大力弘扬武术精神中所表达的“忠、义、信、勇”的精神实质，更好地提振民族精神，团结民众，凝聚力量，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”做出贡献。对于进一步唤醒民众对传统文化的自觉，培养国民的尚武精神，更好地服务中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”都有着十分重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children     

Vítor P. Lopes  David F. Stodden  Luis P. Rodrigues 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(6):589-602

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.  相似文献   

大众认知与运动休闲产业发展研究     

李〓梅 《广州体育学院学报》2017,37(3):62-64

运动休闲产业在中国是一个新兴产业,然而由于它具有健康性、时尚性和前瞻性的特点,近年来其发展显示出破竹之势,引来经济学人的普遍关注.然而作为一个综合性很强的新兴产业,其产业结构的构建和成熟发展许多诸多条件,而大众对产业的认知是诸多条件中最基础、最重要的一个.运动休闲相关业界人士必须积极宣传、教育社会各阶层正确认识运动休闲,使社会时尚、生活方式都融入运动休闲的理念,从而使运动休闲产业真正健康、可持续地发展.  相似文献   

The effects of localised fatigue on upper extremity jump shot kinematics and kinetics in team handball     

Hillary A. Plummer 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(2):182-188

Team handball is a popular sport worldwide that requires numerous throws to be made throughout the course of a game. Because of the upper extremity demands of repetitive throwing, it is possible that fatigue can alter the mechanics of a shot. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of localised fatigue on jump shot kinematics and kinetics. Eleven male team handball players (23.1 ± 3.1 years; 185.1 ± 8.3 cm; 89.7 ± 12.2 kg) volunteered. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to examine the jump shot prior to and following localised fatigue. The fatiguing protocol consisted of throwing a 2.2 kg medicine ball into a rebounder until volitional fatigue. No significant kinematic or kinetic differences were observed following fatigue. Shoulder external rotation was ?74.8 ± 14.9° prior to and ?79.0 ± 14.7° following fatigue at MER. Scapula, external rotation at ball release (BR) prior to fatigue was ?2.2 ± 7.0° and ?3.2 ± 11.1° following fatigue. Scapular internal rotation, at maximum shoulder internal rotation (MIR), changed from 18.4 ± 11.2° to 20.4 ± 11.8°. Ball velocity decreased from19.8 m · s^–1 to 18.8 m · s^–1 (P = 0.12). Accuracy percentage in the pre-fatigue trials was 60.8 ± 14.1% and 52.8 ± 12.7% following fatigue (P = 0.20). While no significant changes were observed, it is possible that other fatiguing protocols that more closely represent the aerobic and throwing demands of the sport may have a greater effect on the kinematics and kinetics of the jump shot.  相似文献   

建设校本特色课程视域下我国民族传统体育资源的应用研究*     

王明建 《广州体育学院学报》2017,37(4):72-74

民族传统体育是中华传统体育文化的重要组成部分,是各民族文化的综合体现和精神家园.通过文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,对我国民族传统体育与校本特色课程协同发展的关联性进行了探讨.指出:(1)民族传统体育并不仅仅是一种"体育"资源,更是一种传统文化"传承"教育资源.(2)开发应用民族传统体育资源,促进学校体育与民族体育接轨发展,建构校本特色体育课程,是学校体育教育与民族传统体育实现"双赢"的基本路径.(3)构建特色民族传统体育校本课程,不能流于形式,应因地制宜、因势利导.  相似文献